Abhay Aneja and colleagues show that daughters of civil servants who were exposed to female co-workers during World War II were more likely to work. For each standard deviation increase in exposure to female co-workers, the gender gap in child labor force participation narrows by more than 4 percentage points. This represents a 9 percent reduction in the average labor force participation gap. Importantly, these results were present
- Driven by the increase in the workforce of daughters (sons are not affected)
- It is very strong in children, at the time of exposure, they were young
- There are even children who have moved away from their parents’ town
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